Basic form, Present participle, Past form, Past participle

FORMING AND USING VERBS

Verbs tenses are formed by combining one of principle parts of the verb with one or more auxiliary verbs.

In order to form verb tenses, you need a good grasp of the auxiliaries and the principal parts of the verb. There are four principal parts.

 1.     The basic form

 2.     The present participle

 3.     The past form

 4.     The past participle.

 1.     The basic form (or root of the verb is the form listed in the dictionary and is usually identical to the first person singular from of the present tense ( except in the case of the verb tobe):

Write

Walk

Run

Paint

Think

Draw

Grow

Sing

The infinitives from of the verb are a compound verb made up of the preposition to and the basic form of the verb:

To write

To walk

To run

To paint

To think

To grow

To draw

To sing

 2.     To form the present participle, add –ing to the basic form of the verb:

Writing

Walking

Painting

Thinking

Growing

Singing

Note: that you cannot use the present participle as a predicate unless you use an auxiliary verb with it----the word group:

“I walking to the market” is an incomplete and ungrammatical sentences, while word group “I am walking to the market” is a complete sentences.

You’ll often use the present participle as a modifier.

 3.     The past form of verbs is a little tackier. If the verb is regular (or weak, you can create the past form by adding –ed, -d or –t to the present form. see the section on spelling the words with double consonants).

Walked

Painted

Thought

Grew

Sang

 4.     The past participle of regular verbs is usually identical to the past form, while the past participle of irregular verbs is often different:

Walked

Painted

Thought

Grown

Sang

Irregular verbs

Irregular verbs from the past participle and the past form without – (e)d or –t, and frequently their past form and past participle are different. For example, the past form of the verb write is wrote and the past participle is written.

Sher Afzal Ranais

Author & Editor

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