THE MAIN CLASSES OF WORDS IN ENGLISH GRAMMER

The words in the English language are put into nine main classes. It is important to be able to recognize and identify the different types of words in English, so that you can understand grammar explanations and use the right word form in the right place.

These classes (except the article) are called the parts of speech.

Noun

Adjective

Pronoun

Verb

Preposition

Conjunction

Interjection

Article

Each parts of speech explains not what the word is, but how the words is used. In fact, the same words can be a noun is one sentence and a verb or adjective in the next.

NOUN

·       a person , place, thing / idea, quality, emotion

·       always a “subject” or “object”

·       forms plurals (usually with –s or –es)

·       often preceded by adjectives like good, clever and soft (also articles “the” and “a”)

Examples:

1.   mother Teresa

2.   Kolkata

3.   Table

4.   Knowledge

5.   Bravery

6.   Kindness

PRONOUN

A word that takes the place of a noun. Its antecedent is a noun.

Example: the man ran. He was being chased.

(Man is the accident of he)

Types of pronouns:

Personal: I / me, you, she/her, he him, it, we/ us, they/them (subj./ob.)

Demonstrative: this/that, these/those

Relative: who which that (act as conjunctions)

Intensive: I myself wrote this latter.

Reflexive: he told himself to slow down

Indefinite: either/any/anyone/someone/everybody/both/each/one etc.

Interrogative: who/whom/whose which (when ask a questions)

VERB

Shows action (except the verb to be)

Always forms a tense (past-present-future)

Always has a subject

ADJECTRIVE

Modifies, (i.e. describes or limits) a noun.

Example:

The big bus is moving.

ADVERB

Modifies a verb by showing the manner, time or place of the verbs actin, asking how-when-where.

Example:

She sang sweetly at the concert.

PREPOSITION

A word which shows a relation between a noun (or pronoun) that always follows it, and b) some other noun or verb in the sentence.

CONJUNCTION

Conjunctions joins elements within a sentence. These elements may be words, or group of words.

Coordinate- and/ but/ or/ for

INTERJECTION

A word that is interjected (i.e. thrown in) to a sentence without any connection to the test of the words. It is often used for emphasis and so may be accompanied by an exclamation mark.

Example:

Hye! Did you here that?

Well, I’ll think of something.

ARTICLES

A words that combines with a noun to indicate the type of references being made by the noun. The three main articles are the, an and a.

English has two types of articles:

Definite (the)

Indefinite (a, an)

Sher Afzal Ranais

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